Do you want to use Photos at all? You can completely get rid of it by using Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage in Powershell. This will uninstall it for all users.
As for the other apps, you can create an AppLocker packaged app policy (Computer Policies > Windows Settings > Application Control Policies > Applocker) to deny running them. Any new logins will simply not have them in the Start menu at all. Existing logins will still have the apps present, but users will get a message saying "This app has been blocked by your Administrator." You can block/allow apps by user group so if you wanted e.g. staff to use Edge but not students, you can do that.
Make sure to have an "Allow All" rule in there somewhere though or certain built-in functions (e.g. Domain joining) will break! In the screenshot below I'm blocking Edge, Contact Support and the Connect app, but allowing everything else.