I’m currently struggling through this same problem. I tried starting fresh but the problem remains. I can only install roles using the local administrator account but not my domain admin account. Tried re-enabling and using my domain administrator account but that fails role installs as well. I attempted the suggestion of blocking home folder redirection in group policy, but unfortunately that did not fix it for me.
Edit: Just to clarify this was a second domain controller being added to the network. Creating a new admin account on the new dc and using that solved the problem for me.