Was there ever a solution to this issue? I'm having the same sort of problem getting the Chrome ADMX to work on a non-domain computer running Windows 7 Enterprise. In fact, none of the settings I set in gpedit for Chrome are applying. I've downloaded the latest ADMX to work with Chrome 45.
On the Computer configuration portion, and for both the 'Google Chrome' and 'Google Chrome - Default Settings' sections, I'm setting 'Configure the home page URL' to Enabled, and setting a URL, and the 'Use New Tab Page as homepage' to Disabled. Under 'Startup Pages' I'm setting 'Action on Startup' to Enabled (Start list of Urls), and 'URLS to open on startup' to Enabled (with defined URL).
I've restarted the system, but the setting never applies. I've run RSOP and the setting are effective. I've used this before on non-domain computers, but with older versions of Chrome (like from 6 months ago), and it worked fine. It's like something has changed.