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sudo (superuser do) is a program that allows users to run programs in the guise of another user (normally in the guise of the system's superuser).
By default and as a security measure, users who invoke sudo must supply their own password before running the target program. sudo authenticates users against their own password rather than that of the target user in order to allow the delegation of specific commands to specific users on specific hosts without sharing passwords among them and while mitigating the risk of any unattended systems. Once authentication has taken place, the system updates a timestamp and the user may then use sudo without a password for a short period of time (five minutes usually).
